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The Testosterone test measures the total level of testosterone — the primary male sex hormone (androgen) — in the blood. In men, testosterone is essential for libido, erectile function, muscle mass, bone density, sperm production, mood, and energy. In women, testosterone is present at much lower levels but plays important roles in libido, muscle health, and ovarian function. The test is ordered in men to diagnose hypogonadism (low testosterone) and in women to evaluate androgen excess conditions — particularly Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and hirsutism. Morning collection is preferred for men (testosterone peaks in the morning). No fasting required.
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What Does the Testosterone Test Measure?
| Level / Result | Possible Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Men: 300–1,000 ng/dL (Normal) | Normal testosterone — adequate androgenic function |
| Men: 200–300 ng/dL (Low-normal) | Borderline — symptomatic assessment required; repeat morning sample; consider free testosterone if SHBG is altered |
| Men: < 200 ng/dL (Hypogonadism) | Low testosterone — likely hypogonadism; LH and FSH required to distinguish primary (testicular) from secondary (pituitary/hypothalamic) cause |
| Men: > 1,000 ng/dL (Elevated) | Above normal — exogenous testosterone use, rare adrenal or testicular tumour; specialist evaluation |
| Women: 15–70 ng/dL (Normal) | Normal female androgen level |
| Women: 70–150 ng/dL (Mildly elevated) | Androgen excess — PCOS most likely; assess alongside LH/FSH ratio, AMH, pelvic ultrasound |
| Women: > 150–200 ng/dL (Significantly elevated) | Significant hyperandrogenism — consider adrenal or ovarian androgen-secreting tumour; urgent specialist evaluation |
Important Note: Total testosterone should be interpreted alongside clinical symptoms, LH, FSH, SHBG, and prolactin for complete hormonal assessment. When SHBG is abnormal (elevated in liver disease, hypothyroidism; reduced in obesity, hypothyroidism, diabetes), total testosterone may not accurately reflect androgen status — Free or Bioavailable Testosterone is more clinically meaningful in these cases. Single low testosterone in men should be confirmed with a repeat morning sample before treatment decisions. All results must be reviewed by a physician or endocrinologist.
Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) — The Male Menopause: Testosterone levels in men decline physiologically with age — approximately 1–2% per year from age 30–35 onwards. By age 60–70, a significant proportion of men have testosterone below 300 ng/dL. Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) — also called andropause or male menopause — presents with a cluster of symptoms: reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue and reduced vitality, loss of muscle mass and bone density, increased abdominal fat, poor concentration, and depressed mood. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) — patches, gels, or injections — effectively addresses these symptoms but requires careful monitoring for complications (polycythaemia, sleep apnoea, cardiac risk). Testing before initiating TRT confirms the diagnosis and rules out treatable secondary causes.

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